Différences
Ci-dessous, les différences entre deux révisions de la page.
| Les deux révisions précédentesRévision précédenteProchaine révision | Révision précédente | ||
| tutoriel:virtualbox_en_environnement_serveur [Le 07/12/2010, 05:30] – code mal placé lmrv | tutoriel:virtualbox_en_environnement_serveur [Le 31/01/2014, 16:07] (Version actuelle) – effacée FelixP | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Ligne 1: | Ligne 1: | ||
| - | {{tag> | ||
| - | ---- | ||
| - | |||
| - | ====== VirtualBox en environnement serveur ====== | ||
| - | VirtualBox fourni VBoxManage, qui permet la création, suppression ou modification de machines virtuelles en lignes de commandes. | ||
| - | |||
| - | Avec VBoxManage, il est possible, via ssh, de contrôler à distance son parc de machines virtuelles. | ||
| - | |||
| - | Ce tutoriel reprend, étape par étape, les commandes permettant de créer et configurer une machine virtuelle. | ||
| - | |||
| - | ===== Pré-requis ===== | ||
| - | |||
| - | * Disposer des [[: | ||
| - | * VirtualBox est installé sur une installation d' | ||
| - | |||
| - | ===== Création ===== | ||
| - | Nous allons créer une machine virtuelle, que nous nommerons SRV1, destinée à accueillir un OS Ubuntu. | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | $ VBoxManage createvm --name SRV1 --ostype Ubuntu --register | ||
| - | Oracle VM VirtualBox Command Line Management Interface Version 3.2.4 | ||
| - | (C) 2005-2010 Oracle Corporation | ||
| - | All rights reserved. | ||
| - | |||
| - | Virtual machine ' | ||
| - | UUID: d1ff6a5d-9859-4df7-ab72-ad1766525ba6 | ||
| - | Settings file: '/ | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | ===== Modification ===== | ||
| - | Pour modifier la mémoire vive de cette machine virtuelle et lui attribuer 256 Mo: | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | $ VBoxManage modifyvm SRV1 --memory 256 | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Pour modifier l' | ||
| - | |||
| - | Attention --nic1 correspond à la première carte, --nic2 à la seconde, etc. | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | $ VBoxManage modifyvm SRV1 --nic1 bridged | ||
| - | |||
| - | $ VBoxManage modifyvm SRV1 --bridgeadapter1 eth0 | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Permettre un contrôle à distance via VRDP (attention, dans ce cas, VirtualBox devient payant) | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | $ VBoxManage modifyvm SRV1 --vrdp on --vrdpport 3395 | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Désactiver certaines options si elles sont inutiles : | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | $ VBoxManage modifyvm SRV1 --usb off --audio none | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | |||
| - | Créer un disque dur : | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | $ VBoxManage createhd --filename SRV1 --size 15000 | ||
| - | Oracle VM VirtualBox Command Line Management Interface Version 3.2.4 | ||
| - | (C) 2005-2010 Oracle Corporation | ||
| - | All rights reserved. | ||
| - | |||
| - | 0%...10%...20%...30%...40%...50%...60%...70%...80%...90%...100% | ||
| - | Disk image created. UUID: 4a5a8819-35f0-40de-a8e3-6dd3113d1746 | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Créer le controleur : | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | $ VBoxManage storagectl SRV1 --name SATA1 --add sata | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Attacher le disque au controleur : | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | $ VBoxManage storageattach SRV1 --storagectl SATA1 --port 0 --device 0 --type hdd --medium SRV1.vdi | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Créer un controleur IDE et son lecteur de dvd-rom associé : | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | $ VBoxManage storagectl SRV1 --name IDE1 --add ide | ||
| - | |||
| - | $ VBoxManage storageattach SRV1 --storagectl IDE1 --port 0 --device 0 --type dvddrive --medium emptydrive | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | On peut aussi attacher une image iso d' | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | $ VBoxManage storageattach SRV1 --storagectl IDE1 --port 0 --device 0 --type dvddrive --medium / | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Récapitulatif : | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | $ VBoxManage showvminfo SRV1 | ||
| - | Oracle VM VirtualBox Command Line Management Interface Version 3.2.4 | ||
| - | (C) 2005-2010 Oracle Corporation | ||
| - | All rights reserved. | ||
| - | |||
| - | Name: SRV1 | ||
| - | Guest OS: Ubuntu | ||
| - | UUID: 7fe28aa4-e28d-4a27-a216-f20b47a6cce9 | ||
| - | Config file: / | ||
| - | Hardware UUID: | ||
| - | Memory size: 256MB | ||
| - | Page Fusion: | ||
| - | VRAM size: 8MB | ||
| - | HPET: off | ||
| - | Number of CPUs: 1 | ||
| - | Synthetic Cpu: off | ||
| - | CPUID overrides: None | ||
| - | Boot menu mode: message and menu | ||
| - | Boot Device (1): Floppy | ||
| - | Boot Device (2): DVD | ||
| - | Boot Device (3): HardDisk | ||
| - | Boot Device (4): Not Assigned | ||
| - | ACPI: on | ||
| - | IOAPIC: | ||
| - | PAE: off | ||
| - | Time offset: | ||
| - | RTC: local time | ||
| - | Hardw. virt.ext: on | ||
| - | Hardw. virt.ext exclusive: on | ||
| - | Nested Paging: | ||
| - | Large Pages: | ||
| - | VT-x VPID: on | ||
| - | State: | ||
| - | Monitor count: | ||
| - | 3D Acceleration: | ||
| - | 2D Video Acceleration: | ||
| - | Teleporter Enabled: off | ||
| - | Teleporter Port: 0 | ||
| - | Teleporter Address: | ||
| - | Teleporter Password: | ||
| - | Storage Controller Name (0): SATA1 | ||
| - | Storage Controller Type (0): IntelAhci | ||
| - | Storage Controller Instance Number (0): 0 | ||
| - | Storage Controller Max Port Count (0): 30 | ||
| - | Storage Controller Port Count (0): 30 | ||
| - | Storage Controller Name (1): IDE1 | ||
| - | Storage Controller Type (1): PIIX4 | ||
| - | Storage Controller Instance Number (1): 0 | ||
| - | Storage Controller Max Port Count (1): 2 | ||
| - | Storage Controller Port Count (1): 2 | ||
| - | SATA1 (0, 0): / | ||
| - | IDE1 (0, 0): / | ||
| - | NIC 1: MAC: 0800273BB884, | ||
| - | NIC 2: | ||
| - | NIC 3: | ||
| - | NIC 4: | ||
| - | NIC 5: | ||
| - | NIC 6: | ||
| - | NIC 7: | ||
| - | NIC 8: | ||
| - | Pointing Device: PS/2 Mouse | ||
| - | Keyboard Device: PS/2 Keyboard | ||
| - | UART 1: disabled | ||
| - | UART 2: disabled | ||
| - | Audio: | ||
| - | Clipboard Mode: Bidirectional | ||
| - | Video mode: 640x480x0 | ||
| - | VRDP: enabled (Address 0.0.0.0, Ports 3395, MultiConn: off, ReuseSingleConn: | ||
| - | VRDP port: 3395 | ||
| - | Video redirection: | ||
| - | USB: | ||
| - | |||
| - | USB Device Filters: | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | |||
| - | Available remote USB devices: | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | |||
| - | Currently Attached USB Devices: | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | |||
| - | Shared folders: | ||
| - | |||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | ===== Lancement de la machine ===== | ||
| - | |||
| - | On peut lancer la machine avec la commande suivante : | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | $ VBoxManage startvm SRV1 --type vrdp | ||
| - | Oracle VM VirtualBox Command Line Management Interface Version 3.2.4 | ||
| - | (C) 2005-2010 Oracle Corporation | ||
| - | All rights reserved. | ||
| - | |||
| - | Waiting for the VM to power on... | ||
| - | VM has been successfully started. | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | et prendre le contrôle de la machine via le Terminal Server Client. | ||
| - | |||
| - | ===== Aller plus loin... ===== | ||
| - | |||
| - | La commande VBoxManage renvoi les options possibles à utiliser avec la commande. | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | $ VBoxManage | ||
| - | Oracle VM VirtualBox Command Line Management Interface Version 3.2.4 | ||
| - | (C) 2005-2010 Oracle Corporation | ||
| - | All rights reserved. | ||
| - | |||
| - | Usage: | ||
| - | |||
| - | VBoxManage [-v|--version] | ||
| - | VBoxManage [-q|--nologo] ... suppress the logo | ||
| - | |||
| - | VBoxManage list [--long|-l] vms|runningvms|ostypes|hostdvds|hostfloppies| | ||
| - | bridgedifs|hostonlyifs|dhcpservers|hostinfo| | ||
| - | hostcpuids|hddbackends|hdds|dvds|floppies| | ||
| - | usbhost|usbfilters|systemproperties | ||
| - | |||
| - | VBoxManage showvminfo | ||
| - | [--machinereadable] | ||
| - | VBoxManage showvminfo | ||
| - | |||
| - | VBoxManage registervm | ||
| - | |||
| - | VBoxManage unregistervm | ||
| - | |||
| - | VBoxManage createvm | ||
| - | [--ostype < | ||
| - | [--register] | ||
| - | [--basefolder < | ||
| - | [--uuid < | ||
| - | |||
| - | VBoxManage modifyvm | ||
| - | [--name < | ||
| - | [--ostype < | ||
| - | [--memory < | ||
| - | [--pagefusion on|off] | ||
| - | [--vram < | ||
| - | [--acpi on|off] | ||
| - | [--ioapic on|off] | ||
| - | [--pae on|off] | ||
| - | [--hpet on|off] | ||
| - | [--hwvirtex on|off] | ||
| - | [--nestedpaging on|off] | ||
| - | [--largepages on|off] | ||
| - | [--vtxvpid on|off] | ||
| - | [--synthcpu on|off] | ||
| - | [--cpuidset < | ||
| - | [--cpuidremove < | ||
| - | [--cpuidremoveall] | ||
| - | [--hardwareuuid < | ||
| - | [--cpus < | ||
| - | [--cpuhotplug on|off] | ||
| - | [--plugcpu <id>] | ||
| - | [--unplugcpu <id>] | ||
| - | [--rtcuseutc on|off] | ||
| - | [--monitorcount < | ||
| - | [--accelerate3d on|off] | ||
| - | [--accelerate2dvideo on|off] | ||
| - | [--firmware bios|efi|efi32|efi64] | ||
| - | [--bioslogofadein on|off] | ||
| - | [--bioslogofadeout on|off] | ||
| - | [--bioslogodisplaytime < | ||
| - | [--bioslogoimagepath < | ||
| - | [--biosbootmenu disabled|menuonly|messageandmenu] | ||
| - | [--biossystemtimeoffset < | ||
| - | [--biospxedebug on|off] | ||
| - | [--boot< | ||
| - | [--nic< | ||
| - | vde] | ||
| - | [--nictype< | ||
| - | 82540EM|82543GC|82545EM| | ||
| - | virtio] | ||
| - | [--cableconnected< | ||
| - | [--nictrace< | ||
| - | [--nictracefile< | ||
| - | [--nicspeed< | ||
| - | [--nicbootprio< | ||
| - | [--bridgeadapter< | ||
| - | [--hostonlyadapter< | ||
| - | [--intnet< | ||
| - | [--natnet< | ||
| - | [--vdenet< | ||
| - | [--natsettings< | ||
| - | [< | ||
| - | [< | ||
| - | [--natpf< | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | [--natpf< | ||
| - | [--nattftpprefix< | ||
| - | [--nattftpfile< | ||
| - | [--nattftpserver< | ||
| - | [--natdnspassdomain< | ||
| - | [--natdnsproxy< | ||
| - | [--natdnshostresolver< | ||
| - | [--nataliasmode< | ||
| - | | ||
| - | [--macaddress< | ||
| - | [--mouse ps2|usb|usbtablet | ||
| - | [--keyboard ps2|usb | ||
| - | [--uart< | ||
| - | [--uartmode< | ||
| - | | ||
| - | | ||
| - | file < | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | [--guestmemoryballoon < | ||
| - | [--gueststatisticsinterval < | ||
| - | [--audio none|null|oss|alsa|pulse] | ||
| - | [--audiocontroller ac97|sb16] | ||
| - | [--clipboard disabled|hosttoguest|guesttohost| | ||
| - | | ||
| - | [--vrdp on|off] | ||
| - | [--vrdpport default|< | ||
| - | [--vrdpaddress < | ||
| - | [--vrdpauthtype null|external|guest] | ||
| - | [--vrdpmulticon on|off] | ||
| - | [--vrdpreusecon on|off] | ||
| - | [--vrdpvideochannel on|off] | ||
| - | [--vrdpvideochannelquality < | ||
| - | [--usb on|off] | ||
| - | [--usbehci on|off] | ||
| - | [--snapshotfolder default|< | ||
| - | [--teleporter on|off] | ||
| - | [--teleporterport < | ||
| - | [--teleporteraddress < | ||
| - | [--teleporterpassword < | ||
| - | |||
| - | VBoxManage import | ||
| - | (run with -n to have options displayed | ||
| - | for a particular OVF) | ||
| - | |||
| - | VBoxManage export | ||
| - | [--legacy09] | ||
| - | [--vsys <number of virtual system>] | ||
| - | [--product <product name>] | ||
| - | [--producturl <product url>] | ||
| - | [--vendor <vendor name>] | ||
| - | [--vendorurl <vendor url>] | ||
| - | [--version <version info>] | ||
| - | [--eula <license text>] | ||
| - | [--eulafile < | ||
| - | |||
| - | VBoxManage startvm | ||
| - | [--type gui|sdl|vrdp|headless] | ||
| - | |||
| - | VBoxManage controlvm | ||
| - | pause|resume|reset|poweroff|savestate| | ||
| - | acpipowerbutton|acpisleepbutton| | ||
| - | keyboardputscancode <hex> [< | ||
| - | injectnmi| | ||
| - | setlinkstate< | ||
| - | nic< | ||
| - | | ||
| - | nictrace< | ||
| - | nictracefile< | ||
| - | guestmemoryballoon < | ||
| - | gueststatisticsinterval < | ||
| - | usbattach < | ||
| - | usbdetach < | ||
| - | vrdp on|off | | ||
| - | vrdpport default|< | ||
| - | vrdpvideochannelquality < | ||
| - | setvideomodehint < | ||
| - | setcredentials < | ||
| - | | ||
| - | teleport --host < | ||
| - | | ||
| - | plugcpu <id> | ||
| - | unplugcpu <id> | ||
| - | |||
| - | VBoxManage discardstate | ||
| - | |||
| - | VBoxManage adoptstate | ||
| - | |||
| - | VBoxManage snapshot | ||
| - | take < | ||
| - | delete < | ||
| - | restore < | ||
| - | restorecurrent | | ||
| - | edit < | ||
| - | | ||
| - | | ||
| - | showvminfo < | ||
| - | |||
| - | VBoxManage openmedium | ||
| - | [--type normal|immutable|writethrough] (disk only) | ||
| - | [--uuid < | ||
| - | [--parentuuid < | ||
| - | |||
| - | VBoxManage closemedium | ||
| - | [--delete] | ||
| - | |||
| - | VBoxManage storageattach | ||
| - | --storagectl < | ||
| - | --port < | ||
| - | --device < | ||
| - | [--type dvddrive|hdd|fdd] | ||
| - | [--medium none|emptydrive| | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | [--passthrough on|off] | ||
| - | [--forceunmount] | ||
| - | |||
| - | VBoxManage storagectl | ||
| - | --name < | ||
| - | [--add ide|sata|scsi|floppy|sas] | ||
| - | [--controller LSILogic|LSILogicSAS|BusLogic| | ||
| - | IntelAHCI|PIIX3|PIIX4|ICH6|I82078] | ||
| - | [--sataideemulation< | ||
| - | [--sataportcount < | ||
| - | [--hostiocache on|off] | ||
| - | [--remove] | ||
| - | |||
| - | VBoxManage showhdinfo | ||
| - | |||
| - | VBoxManage createhd | ||
| - | --size < | ||
| - | [--format VDI|VMDK|VHD] (default: VDI) | ||
| - | [--variant Standard, | ||
| - | [--type normal|writethrough] (default: normal) | ||
| - | [--comment < | ||
| - | [--remember] | ||
| - | |||
| - | VBoxManage modifyhd | ||
| - | [--type normal|writethrough|immutable] | ||
| - | [--autoreset on|off] | ||
| - | [--compact] | ||
| - | |||
| - | VBoxManage clonehd | ||
| - | [--format VDI|VMDK|VHD|RAW|< | ||
| - | [--variant Standard, | ||
| - | [--type normal|writethrough|immutable] | ||
| - | [--remember] [--existing] | ||
| - | |||
| - | VBoxManage convertfromraw | ||
| - | [--format VDI|VMDK|VHD] | ||
| - | [--variant Standard, | ||
| - | VBoxManage convertfromraw | ||
| - | [--format VDI|VMDK|VHD] | ||
| - | [--variant Standard, | ||
| - | |||
| - | VBoxManage addiscsidisk | ||
| - | --target < | ||
| - | [--port < | ||
| - | [--lun < | ||
| - | [--encodedlun < | ||
| - | [--username < | ||
| - | [--password < | ||
| - | [--type normal|writethrough|immutable] | ||
| - | [--intnet] | ||
| - | |||
| - | VBoxManage getextradata | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | |||
| - | VBoxManage setextradata | ||
| - | <key> | ||
| - | [< | ||
| - | |||
| - | VBoxManage setproperty | ||
| - | machinefolder default|< | ||
| - | vrdpauthlibrary default|< | ||
| - | websrvauthlibrary default|null|< | ||
| - | loghistorycount < | ||
| - | |||
| - | VBoxManage usbfilter | ||
| - | --target < | ||
| - | --name < | ||
| - | --action ignore|hold (global filters only) | ||
| - | [--active yes|no] (yes) | ||
| - | [--vendorid < | ||
| - | [--productid < | ||
| - | [--revision < | ||
| - | [--manufacturer < | ||
| - | [--product < | ||
| - | [--remote yes|no] (null, VM filters only) | ||
| - | [--serialnumber < | ||
| - | [--maskedinterfaces < | ||
| - | |||
| - | VBoxManage usbfilter | ||
| - | --target < | ||
| - | [--name < | ||
| - | [--action ignore|hold] (global filters only) | ||
| - | [--active yes|no] | ||
| - | [--vendorid < | ||
| - | [--productid < | ||
| - | [--revision < | ||
| - | [--manufacturer < | ||
| - | [--product < | ||
| - | [--remote yes|no] (null, VM filters only) | ||
| - | [--serialnumber < | ||
| - | [--maskedinterfaces < | ||
| - | |||
| - | VBoxManage usbfilter | ||
| - | --target < | ||
| - | |||
| - | VBoxManage sharedfolder | ||
| - | --name < | ||
| - | [--transient] [--readonly] | ||
| - | |||
| - | VBoxManage sharedfolder | ||
| - | --name < | ||
| - | |||
| - | VBoxManage vmstatistics | ||
| - | [--pattern < | ||
| - | |||
| - | VBoxManage guestproperty | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | |||
| - | VBoxManage guestproperty | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | |||
| - | VBoxManage guestproperty | ||
| - | [--patterns < | ||
| - | |||
| - | VBoxManage guestproperty | ||
| - | [--timeout < | ||
| - | |||
| - | VBoxManage guestcontrol | ||
| - | <path to program> | ||
| - | --username < | ||
| - | [--arguments "< | ||
| - | [--environment "< | ||
| - | [--flags < | ||
| - | [--verbose] [--wait-for exit, | ||
| - | |||
| - | VBoxManage metrics | ||
| - | | ||
| - | |||
| - | VBoxManage metrics | ||
| - | [--period < | ||
| - | [--samples < | ||
| - | [--list] | ||
| - | [*|host|< | ||
| - | |||
| - | VBoxManage metrics | ||
| - | |||
| - | VBoxManage metrics | ||
| - | [--list] | ||
| - | [*|host|< | ||
| - | |||
| - | VBoxManage metrics | ||
| - | [--list] | ||
| - | [*|host|< | ||
| - | |||
| - | VBoxManage metrics | ||
| - | [--period < | ||
| - | [--samples < | ||
| - | [--list] | ||
| - | [--detach] | ||
| - | [*|host|< | ||
| - | |||
| - | VBoxManage hostonlyif | ||
| - | [--dhcp | | ||
| - | --ip< | ||
| - | --ipv6< | ||
| - | |||
| - | VBoxManage dhcpserver | ||
| - | | ||
| - | [--ip < | ||
| - | | ||
| - | | ||
| - | | ||
| - | [--enable | --disable] | ||
| - | |||
| - | VBoxManage dhcpserver | ||
| - | | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | |||
| - | ===== Conclusion ===== | ||
| - | |||
| - | |||
| - | Des fonctionnalités de plus en plus nombreuses viennent enrichir VirtualBox au fur et à mesure des versions, comme l' | ||
| - | |||
| - | |||
| - | ===== Problèmes connus===== | ||
| - | |||
| - | |||
| - | |||
| - | ===== Voir aussi ===== | ||
| - | |||
| - | * **(fr)** [[: | ||
| - | |||
| - | ---- | ||
| - | // | ||
